Page 55 - European Energy Innovation - Autumn 2014
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Autumn 2014 European Energy Innovation 55
PHOTOVOLTAICS
Table 3: Case 1 – Necessary Table 3 Average Case 1 Case 2
selling price of PV electricity Denmark (VAT 25%) electricity
to break even if the PV system consumption
generates the same amount of and no PV
electricity as consumed, 30%
is consumed locally and 70% system
has to be sold to the grid; Input
parameter: system price of 1 400 Purchase from utility (kWh) 4 200 2 940 2 940
EUR/kWh (excluding taxes), 1.5%
O&M cost, ROI of 3% and a 20- Own PV electricity use (kWh) 1 260 1 260
year financial payback.
PV electricity generation costs at 525.00 196.56
Case 2: Savings compared to
household without PV system if 900 kWh/kWp (EUR) 525.00 196.56
the PV system generates 30 % of
the consumed electricity and the Utility bill (EUR) at 0.294 EUR/kWh 1 233.12 863.18 863.18
total production is self- consumed
(no feed-in to the grid). Input Necessary selling price of PV electricity to 0.075
parameter: system price of 1 400 break even at 900 kWh/kWp (EUR/kWh)
EUR/kWh + the local VAT rate,
1.5% O&M cost, ROI of 3% and a Saving (EUR) 173.38
20-year financial payback.
Germany (VAT 19%) 3 500 2 450 2 450
For these countries, self-
consumption is already a cash Own PV electricity use (kWh) 1 050 1 050
generation and the necessary
selling price is also quite PV electricity generation costs at 392.00 140.70
moderate as well. Now, it can be
argued that these are extreme 1 000 kWh/kWp (EUR) 392.00 140.70
cases and not applicable for
the European Union as a whole. Utility bill (EUR) at 0.292 EUR/kWh 1 022.35 715.65 715.65
However, if we look at the
North of France, with average Necessary selling price of PV electricity to 0.035
residential electricity prices 25% break even at 1 000 kWh/kWp (EUR/kWh)
below the European average
and very moderate solar Saving (EUR) 166.00
radiation, it becomes obvious
that self-consumption is already Cyprus (VAT 18%) 5 200 3 640 3 640
generating a positive balance.
Own PV electricity use (kWh) 1 560 1 560
Table 4: Case 1 – Necessary
selling price of PV electricity PV electricity generation costs at 447.20 159.12
to break even if the PV system
generates the same amount of 1 500 kWh/kWp (EUR) 389.48 116.85
electricity as consumed, 30%
are consumed locally and 70% Utility bill (EUR) at 0.241 EUR/kWh 1 290.12 903.08 903.08
have to be sold to the grid; Input
parameter: system price of 1 400 Necessary selling price of PV electricity to 0.007
EUR/kWh (excluding taxes), 1.5% break even at 1 500 kWh/kWp (EUR/kWh)
O&M cost, ROI of 3% and a 20-
year financial payback. Saving (EUR) 270.19
Ireland (VAT 23%) 5 300 3 710 3 710
Own PV electricity use (kWh) 1 590 1 590
PV electricity generation costs at 662.50 244.86
900 kWh/kWp (EUR) 662.50 244.86
Utility bill (EUR) at 0.241 EUR/kWh 1 274.65 892.26 892.26
Necessary selling price of PV electricity to 0.076
break even at 900 kWh/kWp (EUR/kWh)
Saving (EUR) 137.53
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PHOTOVOLTAICS
Table 3: Case 1 – Necessary Table 3 Average Case 1 Case 2
selling price of PV electricity Denmark (VAT 25%) electricity
to break even if the PV system consumption
generates the same amount of and no PV
electricity as consumed, 30%
is consumed locally and 70% system
has to be sold to the grid; Input
parameter: system price of 1 400 Purchase from utility (kWh) 4 200 2 940 2 940
EUR/kWh (excluding taxes), 1.5%
O&M cost, ROI of 3% and a 20- Own PV electricity use (kWh) 1 260 1 260
year financial payback.
PV electricity generation costs at 525.00 196.56
Case 2: Savings compared to
household without PV system if 900 kWh/kWp (EUR) 525.00 196.56
the PV system generates 30 % of
the consumed electricity and the Utility bill (EUR) at 0.294 EUR/kWh 1 233.12 863.18 863.18
total production is self- consumed
(no feed-in to the grid). Input Necessary selling price of PV electricity to 0.075
parameter: system price of 1 400 break even at 900 kWh/kWp (EUR/kWh)
EUR/kWh + the local VAT rate,
1.5% O&M cost, ROI of 3% and a Saving (EUR) 173.38
20-year financial payback.
Germany (VAT 19%) 3 500 2 450 2 450
For these countries, self-
consumption is already a cash Own PV electricity use (kWh) 1 050 1 050
generation and the necessary
selling price is also quite PV electricity generation costs at 392.00 140.70
moderate as well. Now, it can be
argued that these are extreme 1 000 kWh/kWp (EUR) 392.00 140.70
cases and not applicable for
the European Union as a whole. Utility bill (EUR) at 0.292 EUR/kWh 1 022.35 715.65 715.65
However, if we look at the
North of France, with average Necessary selling price of PV electricity to 0.035
residential electricity prices 25% break even at 1 000 kWh/kWp (EUR/kWh)
below the European average
and very moderate solar Saving (EUR) 166.00
radiation, it becomes obvious
that self-consumption is already Cyprus (VAT 18%) 5 200 3 640 3 640
generating a positive balance.
Own PV electricity use (kWh) 1 560 1 560
Table 4: Case 1 – Necessary
selling price of PV electricity PV electricity generation costs at 447.20 159.12
to break even if the PV system
generates the same amount of 1 500 kWh/kWp (EUR) 389.48 116.85
electricity as consumed, 30%
are consumed locally and 70% Utility bill (EUR) at 0.241 EUR/kWh 1 290.12 903.08 903.08
have to be sold to the grid; Input
parameter: system price of 1 400 Necessary selling price of PV electricity to 0.007
EUR/kWh (excluding taxes), 1.5% break even at 1 500 kWh/kWp (EUR/kWh)
O&M cost, ROI of 3% and a 20-
year financial payback. Saving (EUR) 270.19
Ireland (VAT 23%) 5 300 3 710 3 710
Own PV electricity use (kWh) 1 590 1 590
PV electricity generation costs at 662.50 244.86
900 kWh/kWp (EUR) 662.50 244.86
Utility bill (EUR) at 0.241 EUR/kWh 1 274.65 892.26 892.26
Necessary selling price of PV electricity to 0.076
break even at 900 kWh/kWp (EUR/kWh)
Saving (EUR) 137.53
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